International Marketing Peugeot

The flow methodology of Peugeot towards electric vehicles is clear : this is another exponential market where there are a great deal of pieces of the overall industry to pick up. The thought processes of the organization for internationalization can be isolated Into two diverse sort of intentions which are the proactive and the responsive inspirations: * Increase the benefits and acknowledge economies of scale Gain new pieces of the overall industry * Improve its worldwide vision and its image picture * Penetrate another market with a great deal of chances * Find an option in contrast to the exceptionally serious French market which has less open doors for vehicle makers.Moreover, Californians are as of now mindful of these new advances which are very much observed and appreciate. The dispatch of electric vehicles in North America could be an incredible open door for Peugeot, in light of the fact that it speaks to another method of vehicles and it's getting one of the principle distr action of each and every individual who is engrossed by the vitality emergency ND the significant expense of oil. The second receptive rationale concerns benefit and development objectives: going on an outside market, for example, North America is a decent method to expand benefits and to make economies of scale.To dispatch its new vehicle, Peugeot must take in thought some different elements. So as to take the correct choices, the organization should choose the most adjusted approach to infiltrate the green vehicles advertise; the procurement strategy, the immediate speculation, the authorizing, Joint endeavor procedure or just exportation. Every technique has qualities and shortcomings yet Peugeot Company needs to discover the en which will permit to build benefits while accomplishing economies of scale. This guide gives us where Peugeot production lines far and wide. The most basic boundaries are the politic and financial ones.American vehicle makers are helped by the U. S govern ment. This can be extremely hard for remote organizations, for example, Peugeot to be as serious as organizations as General Motors for instance. This is about protectionism as the United States have an arrangement which favors US organizations instead of remote organizations. The second politic obstruction is the issue of enactment which isn't the equivalent in France and in America. Besides, the vehicle must be adjusted to the American principles and standards. Concerning the financial hindrance, the most significant is the issue of currency.Actually, if Peugeot picks the exportation approach to infiltrate the market, the creation would be in Euros and the deals in Dollars. That could be an issue in the bookkeeping, and an issue of greater expenses of creation than cost of products sold. Additionally, the comprehension of the dissemination arrange in the United States will be another significant obstruction for Peugeot. They do have involvement with selling vehicles abroad, they d o trade their vehicles in numerous nations over the world. Be that as it may, the US advertise is very not quite the same as different nations as no French producer is presently sending out to the United States aside from Budgets with its lavish car.Question 2: Examine the organization's worldwide intensity at the full scale, mess The Peugeot global seriousness comprises in the three after levels: the large scale, mess and small scale levels. For the large scale level, we'll utilize the Porter Diamond to break down Peugeot national intensity. At that point, the Porter Five Forces investigation will assist us with analyzing the opposition in the vehicle business at the wreckage level. To complete, he Porter worth chain will inspect qualities and shortcomings of Peugeot on the small scale level condition of the company.Macro Level In the vehicle business the factor conditions speak to foundation, plants and HR. Since the emergency in 2008, the French vehicle industry has experienced a decrease in financial action. In addition, the expense of one hour of work in France being high, the financial circumstance has not improved the intensity of Peugeot. Concerning the interest, the clients and the popular conclusion is worried about vehicle's quality and the regard of the earth. Individuals have better standards trinkets than previously. That licenses to our French vehicle producer to arrive at new markets and to increase new market shares†¦. †¦. †¦.. †¦.. †¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Related and supporting ventures show a vertical and flat coordination in the French vehicle industry, with providers and merchants present fundamentally in the European territory. These systems are all around dispersed in the Europe†¦. . About firm methodology, structure and contention, the French market is exceptionally serious with French makers such drainage's (the pioneer) or Citroen just as remote contenders, for example, Toyota, Fiat, BMW, Moreover, Chance is about outer occasions which can influence the vehicle business economy.Many variables can affect the quantity of vehicle sold. For instance, the significant expense of oil in France doesn't urge individuals to purchase another vehicle. More â€Å"chance† can produce significant issues in the vehicle business, similar to joblessness, loss of cash and loss of speculations. New contestants : 2 The danger of new participants is low since vehicle industry requires high speculations and high innovation to contend available. It's an extreme test for another contenders to enter this market yet it isn't incomprehensible as large brand can put resources into his bearing, for example, in China for instance where all the vehicle producers are going.Buyers : 4 The purchasers' capacity is significant as they have exclusive requirements, concerning quality and methods. Additionally, regardless of whether vehicles are one of the principle things that makes up an economy, if individuals have not cash they won't accepting vehicles. Providers : 4 Suppliers don't have a significant intensity of arrangement however they keep a significant force as they can squeeze conveyance delays, which can be hard for the vehicle organization to deal with. In addition, the creation relies upon those suppliers.Substitutes : 1 Substitute of vehicles doesn't have a genuine effect or even doesn't generally exist aside from regular vehicles, for example, the train or the plane however it can not so much be considered as substitutes. Peugeot is one of the fundamental contender on the French market. The organization is centered around the center range target. Peugeot as of now have a global system as they are available in Asia, South America and Europe. To infiltrate the American market, Peugeot should benchmark it, with dissecting which contenders he would need to confront, yet in addition with featuring the distinc tion of propensities and knowledge.Thanks to this benchmark, they'll have the option to have a worldwide image of the American market. The distinction of propensities in the USA is likewise a factor to consider as American clients don't have possibly similar desires as far as force, comfort, and so forth. It's vital for Peugeot to have the â€Å"big picture† of what clients are anticipating from these new sort of vehicles. Question 3: What monetary and political boundaries would affect the fare of vehicles to the US? It will be difficult for Peugeot to be serious with different US vehicle producer which produces electric vehicles too all alone market.Regarding the political hindrance, rules and standards, which must be adjusted so as to fit the American market. At that point, the financial boundary manages the issue of cash. This raises the issue of cost of creation for Peugeot in the event that on the off chance that they send out electric vehicles in USA. Surely, the contra st among Euros and Dollars isn't to support Peugeot as they will have a greater expense of creation contrasted with cost of products sold in the American market. Question 4: What impact would culture have on the universal showcasing procedure? Utilize the models of Hefted and Hall as purposes of referenceThe culture is influent in the internationalization system: the organization infiltrating another market needs to know the way of life of the nation, of the individuals and furthermore how to oversee it to make of this culture a positive point, and not something conflicting with the organization Power of separation: pecking order is available in the United States which makes the separation increasingly significant. A thought of separation is kept when individuals converse with you. Vulnerability evasion: vulnerability isn't regular in the US, individuals don't care for vulnerability. Something which has been arranged, for a plan for instance, must be followed.Individualism: the idea of independence is available in the USA and accompanies social achievement and material riches. Manliness: More and more supervisors or executives are ladies, regardless of whether it relies upon the field of movement. Manliness used to be solid a couple of years back however now it's evolving. The United States culture would be situated in the Low-setting part in the Hall's model. When conversing with someone, the correspondence and the feeling of self and space are progressively casual contrasted with other created nations. The method of overseeing business, chain of command, and so on. Is a piece of this low-context.The American culture is bound to be † low context†, as business will be business, everything and everyone is immediate additionally when you talk about cash. Question 5: What sort of market passage modes should the French vehicle maker consider? Clarify your reasons The main activity is to show the various kinds of market section modes that Peugeot can co nsider so as to dispatch an electric vehicle in the United States. At that point, we The exportation Peugeot as of now encounters this framework as they have a loads of processing plants in France and around the world (eastern Europe, Asia, South America CB:map ).If Peugeot pick this answer for infiltrate the US advertise it implies that they should create vehicles in France or elsewhere on the planet and afterward send out these vehicles to the United States. In a similar time, Peugeot won't bolster significant expenses of admiration. The main expenses related to exportation are transportation, protection for this vehicle, the swapping scale and import charge. Besides, transport infers numerous dangers of postponements for instance. A Joint endeavor Peugeot could make a Joint endeavor with a US vehicle

The Vampire Diaries The Fury Chapter Five Free Essays

string(59) sense from those pooches down there?† Damon murmured. Dr. Feinberg, Elena thought uncontrollably, attempting to contort around to look and all the while press herself into the shadows. Be that as it may, it wasn’t the little, sell nosed appearance of the specialist that met her eyes. We will compose a custom article test on The Vampire Diaries: The Fury Chapter Five or then again any comparative theme just for you Request Now It was a face with highlights as fine as those on a Roman coin or emblem, and frequented green eyes. Time got for a second, and afterward Elena was in his arms. â€Å"Oh, Stefan. Stefan†¦Ã¢â‚¬  She felt his body go still with stun. He was holding her precisely, softly, as though she were an outsider who’d confused him with another person. â€Å"Stefan,† she said frantically, tunneling her face into his shoulder, attempting to get some reaction. She couldn’t bear it on the off chance that he dismissed her; on the off chance that he despised her now she would die†¦ With a groan, she attempted to get significantly nearer to him, needing to converge with him totally, to vanish inside him. Gracious, it would be ideal if you she thought, goodness, if you don't mind gracious, it would be ideal if you †¦ â€Å"Elena. Elena, it’s good; I’ve got you.† He continued conversing with her, rehashing senseless drivel intended to mitigate, stroking her hair. What's more, she could feel the change as his arms fixed around her. He knew who he was holding now. Just because since she’d stirred that day, she had a sense of security. In any case, it was an extended period of time before she could loosen up her grasp on him even somewhat. She wasn’t crying; she was wheezing in alarm. Finally she felt the world begin to sink into place around her. She didn’t let go, however, not yet. She essentially represented unlimited minutes with her head on his shoulder, savoring the solace and security of his proximity. At that point she raised her head to investigate his eyes. When she’d thought of Stefan before that day, she’d thought of how he may support her. She’d intended to ask him, to implore him, to spare her from this bad dream, to make her the manner in which she had been previously. Be that as it may, presently, as she took a gander at him, she felt a weird miserable renunciation course through her. â€Å"There’s nothing to be done about it, is there?† she said delicately. He didn’t profess to misjudge. â€Å"No,† he stated, similarly delicate. Elena felt as though she had made some last stride over an imperceptible line and that there was no returning. At the point when she could talk once more, she stated, â€Å"I’m sorry for the manner in which I acted toward you in the forested areas. I don’t know why I did those things. I did them, yet I can’t recollect why.† â€Å"You’re sorry?† His voice shook. â€Å"Elena, after all I’ve done to you, all that’s transpired due to me†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He couldn’t finish, and they clung to one another. â€Å"Very touching,† said a voice from the flight of stairs. â€Å"Do you need me to emulate a violin?† â€Å"How did you get here?† said Stefan. â€Å"The same way you did, I assume. Pulled in by the bursting reference point of the reasonable Elena’s distress.† Damon was extremely furious; Elena could tell. Annoyed or vexed as well as in a white warmth of anger and antagonistic vibe. However, he’d been fair to her when she’d been befuddled and nonsensical. He’d taken her to protect; he’d kept her safe. Also, he hadn’t kissed her while she’d been in that horrifyingly helpless state. He’d been†¦ kind to her. â€Å"Incidentally, there’s something going on down there,† Damon said. â€Å"I know; it’s Bonnie again,† said Elena, discharging Stefan and moving back. â€Å"That’s not what I implied. This is outside.† Alarmed, Elena tailed him down to the principal twist in the steps, where there was a window sitting above the parking area. She felt Stefan behind her as she looked down at the scene beneath. A horde of individuals had come out of the congregation, yet they were remaining in a strong phalanx at the edge of the part, not going any more remote. Inverse them, in the parking garage itself, was a similarly huge get together of mutts. It seemed as though two armed forces confronting one another. What was shocking, however, was that the two gatherings were totally unmoving. The individuals appeared to be incapacitated by disquiet, and the mutts appeared to be hanging tight for something. Elena considered the to be first as various varieties. There were little mutts like sharp-confronted corgis and earthy colored and-dark smooth terriers and a Lhasa apso with long brilliant hair. There were medium-sized pooches like springer spaniels and Airedales and one delightful snow white Samoyed. What's more, there were the huge pooches: a barrel-chested rottweiler with an edited tail, a gasping dim wolfhound, and a mammoth schnauzer, unadulterated dark. At that point Elena started to perceive people. â€Å"That’s Mr. Grunbaum’s fighter and the Sullivans’ German shepherd. However, what’s going on with them?† The individuals, initially uncomfortable, presently looked scared. They stood side by side, nobody needing to break out of the bleeding edge and draw any nearer to the creatures. But the pooches weren’t busy, simply sitting or standing, some with their tongues lolling tenderly out. Abnormal, however, how still they were, Elena thought. Each small movement, for example, the scarcest jerk of tail or ears, appeared to be immensely misrepresented. Furthermore, there were no swaying tails, no indications of kind disposition. Just†¦ pausing. Robert was toward the rear of the group. Elena was astonished at seeing him, however for a second she couldn’t consider why. At that point she understood it was on the grounds that he hadn’t been in the congregation. As she watched, he drew more remote separated from the gathering, vanishing under the shade underneath Elena. Somebody had moved out of the forefront finally. It was Douglas Carson, Elena acknowledged, Sue Carson’s wedded more seasoned sibling. He’d ventured into the no-man’s-land between the pooches and the individuals, one hand somewhat broadened. A springer spaniel with long ears like earthy colored glossy silk turned her head. Her white stump of a tail shuddered marginally, questioningly, and her earthy colored and-white gag lifted. However, she didn’t go to the youngster. Doug Carson made another stride. â€Å"Chelsea†¦ great young lady. Come here, Chelsea. Come!† He snapped his fingers. â€Å"What do you sense from those mutts down there?† Damon mumbled. You read The Vampire Diaries: The Fury Chapter Five in class Paper models Stefan shook his head without turning away from the window. â€Å"Nothing,† he said in no time. â€Å"Neither do I.† Damon’s eyes were limited, his head tilted back appraisingly, however his somewhat exposed teeth helped Elena to remember the wolfhound. â€Å"But we ought to have the option to, you know. They should have a few feelings we can get on. Rather, every time I attempt to test them it’s like running into a clear white wall.† Elena wished she comprehended what they were discussing. â€Å"What do you mean ‘probe them’?† she said. â€Å"They’re animals.† â€Å"Appearances can be deceiving,† Damon said amusingly, and Elena considered the rainbow lights in the plumes of the crow that had followed her since the main day of school. On the off chance that she looked carefully, she could see those equivalent rainbow lights in Damon’s plush hair. â€Å"But creatures have feelings, regardless. On the off chance that your Powers are sufficient, you can analyze their minds.† What's more, my Powers aren’t, thought Elena. She was alarmed by the twinge of jealousy that experienced her. Only a couple of moments prior she’d been sticking to Stefan, distracted to dispose of any Powers she had, to change herself back. What's more, presently, she wanted to be more grounded. Damon consistently oddly affected her. â€Å"I will most likely be unable to test Chelsea, however I don’t think Doug ought to go any closer,† she said so anyone might hear. Stefan had been gazing steadily out the window, his eyebrows drawn together. Presently he gestured partially, however with an unexpected desire to move quickly. â€Å"I don’t either,† he said. â€Å"C’mon, Chelsea, be a decent young lady. Come here.† Doug Carson had nearly arrived at the main line of mutts. Everyone's eyes, human and canine, were fixed on him, and even such minuscule developments as jerks had halted. On the off chance that Elena hadn’t seen the sides of a couple of pooches empty and load up with their breathing, she may have thought the entire gathering was some monster gallery show. Doug had stopped. Chelsea was watching him from behind the corgi and the Samoyed. Doug cackled his tongue. He loosened up his hand, wavered, and afterward extended it more distant. â€Å"Yes.† She could see his look unfocus with focus; at that point, he shook his head, breathing out like an individual who’s attempted to lift something excessively overwhelming. â€Å"It’s nothing but bad; I’m wore out. I can’t do it from here.† Beneath, Chelsea’s lips cleaned once again from her teeth. The red-gold Airedale rose to her feet in one perfectly smooth development, as though pulled by strings. The rump of the rottweiler grouped. And afterward they sprang. Elena couldn’t see which of the canines was the principal; they appeared to move together like an extraordinary wave. About six hit Doug Carson with enough power to thump him in reverse, and he vanished under their massed bodies. The air was loaded with awful commotion, from a metallic baying that set the congregation rafters ringing and gave Elena a moment cerebral pain, to a profound throated constant snarl that she felt as opposed to heard. Mutts were tearing at apparel, growling, lurching, while the group dispersed and shouted. Elena got a quick look at Alaric Saltzman at the edge of the parking area, the one in particular who wasn’t running. He was standing firmly, and she figured she could see his lips moving, and his hands. Wherever e

Writing an Effective 4th Grade Persuasive Essay on Coral Reefs

<h1>Writing an Effective fourth Grade Persuasive Essay on Coral Reefs</h1><p>A fourth grade enticing exposition on coral reefs is a phenomenal subject for your fourth grade writing venture. Your article ought to be centered around coral reefs and how people sway them. This point will offer you a chance to get your understudies engaged with investigate and permit them to be imaginative while instructing them about something they are intrigued in.</p><p></p><p>This convincing article should cover the accompanying subjects: Why are coral reefs significant? What do coral reefs give? By what method would humans be able to affect these creatures and plants? Here is an example convincing article that you can use related to your fourth grade writing project.</p><p></p><p>The initial segment of this influential paper is the meaning of coral reefs. The reefs give territory to numerous creatures and plants. These creatures and pl ants give food to different creatures and plants. These creatures and plants give natural surroundings to numerous species. Creatures and plants additionally help channel supplements from the water.</p><p></p><p>The second piece of this powerful exposition tends to why coral reefs are significant. Researchers have discovered that coral reefs are significant for some creatures and plants. Researchers additionally state that these creatures and plants are basic to the prosperity of people.</p><p></p><p>Finally, researchers state that people are noteworthy in this condition. They state that human exercises sway the life of individuals by changing the states of their environments.</p><p></p><p>Using tests powerful articles like this one on coral reefs as a major aspect of your writing venture is an incredible method to urge your understudies to consider what the world resembles today. You can enlighten them concerni ng the things that were once normal and now have gotten jeopardized, you can discuss the manners in which that people have affected the earth and the outcomes that it has had on nature. You can likewise discuss the job that individuals have played in nature. You can discuss the significance of the earth to the endurance of human life.</p><p></p><p>Writing powerful expositions about subjects like this is a phenomenal method to get your understudies engaged with the absolute best themes that science and history educators ordinarily approach understudies to compose for. Understudies love to find out about the way that people have influenced the earth and the significance of how people influence the earth. Test convincing articles like this one on coral reefs can be utilized to get your understudies amped up for the environment.</p>

EP 10 Techniques To Increase Speed Reading Developing Reading Habits

EP 10 Techniques To Increase Speed Reading Developing Reading Habits EP 10: Techniques To Increase Speed Reading, Developing Reading Habits More EP 10: Techniques To Increase Speed Reading, Developing Reading Habits More Episode 10, here we go! Due to some requests from our followers, this week we covered how to speed-read and how to retain information as you read. We discussed the true definition and meaning of speed reading, common techniques taught about speed reading, the 5 techniques to increase speed reading, and how to do active reading. The Homework Help Show is our new weekly live show where we teach, assist, and offer valuable insights on different topics related to students academic and personal lives. Want your questions answered? Ask your questions on social media using the hashtag #askHHG TRANSCRIPT: Cath Anne: [00:00:05] As I mentioned speed reading. Cath Anne: [00:00:08] (To Instagram Viewer): Hi the Neighbourly Consultant. Nice to see you. You didnt miss anything. We are just starting. I was waiting for some other folks to join. Theres is Kaur; hello folks. Nice to see you. Its nice to have company. Cath Anne: [00:00:32] This week were going to be talking about speed reading because someone had requested it. I think it was in one of her earlier sessions that someone had requested some information about speed reading so thats why we decided to take it up as the semester starting to wind down. Cath Anne: [00:00:51] Speed reading is one of those things that kind of has an interesting history and emphasis. Ill talk a little bit about that. Its also a concept, which appeals to everyone because everyone likes to read and reading can benefit a lot of different people. It can be really tempting concept to learn about just because of the fact that it allows you to read more words and take in more books. However, youre probably not going to like what I have to say about speedreading but well get into that. Cath Anne: [00:01:40] Anyone who is on campus or is even on Instagram these days we seem to constantly be inundated with advertisements to make our lives better. One of these ways can be through speed reading. There seems to be a little bit of forward momentum around self-help and around reading more books and taking in more information. As we are bombarded a lot of the time by technology it can be difficult to carve out time to read and people are looking for more ways to increase their reading capabilities. Of course speed reading can be a really tempting offer. You may see posters on campus thatll say, You can increase your speed reading or your reading limit up to nine hundred words per minute or twelve hundred words per minute. I would suggest, just based on some research that Ive done that its not necessarily beneficial to read that quickly. I will talk more in depth about why that is. Instagram Viewer: [00:03:03] I would read more if I could read faster. Cath Anne: [00:03:05] (To Instagram Viewer): Well I know and, see thats the tempting part of it is that we consider that if we can increase our reading capacity then well be able to take in more information. However, Ill get into some of the science around reading and well discuss whether we think that is actually legitimate or not. We will also discuss the negative aspects of reading at such a pace. Cath Anne: [00:03:34] So I dont know if you guys remember, a few weeks ago I talked about Thomas Frank. Hes amazing. He does a lot of YouTube videos about productivity and school, how do you increase your grades, how to read properly, and all of that good stuff. So some of this information is drawn from his research. He has done quite extensive research. Kind of his area of expertise and hes a real inspiration to me. Id love to kind of get into that niche as well. I drew on a little bit of his research for this topic, just so you guys are aware. Cath Anne: [00:04:17] The most important component that we need when we are reading is our eyes, obviously. Were going to be talking about the science of reading. We have to talk about our eyes and how her eyes take in information. Thats where I wanted to start just with the science of reading and how it works with the brain. Then well move on to some specific techniques around reading. Cath Anne: [00:04:46] When we read we dont read in a slow, smooth motion we read in what are called saccades. It is spelled S-A-C-C-A-D-E-S. That refers to the process of how we move our eyes when we read. Ill try to do a little demonstration; it might look a little funny. When we move our eyes across the page were reading and those are called saccades. They are the quick jerky movements that we use will more reading time. Cath Anne: [00:05:24] (To Instagram Viewer): Hi, Ginny. Thanks for joining. Were just talking about the science of speed reading and the science of reading. So were talking about the different types of eye movements that you use when youre reading. Cath Anne: [00:05:38] So saccades are the quick jerky movements. When we read to ourselves when were reading a book we can read about 8 letters on a page in about 30 milliseconds. So that would be considered saccade. So thats the amount of words we take in within 30 milliseconds. Cath Anne: [00:06:00] Then a second movement that we use when we are reading is called a fixation. So that is when we stop and we pause our eyes over a certain amount of text. We fixate on that specific text. In order to read effectively were fixating on text. We must take in the information thats right in front of our eyes and just to the outside of our eyes. We are not taking any information on the periphery because that is not how our eyes work. It is too blurry and we cant make sense of the information thats in the periphery. So when we are fixating or when we are using saccades it is only information thats in front of our eyes and just to the side that we are able to take in. Cath Anne: [00:06:55] Then in addition to the actual eye movements that make reading possible we have to take into consideration the cognitive processing which occurs when we are reading. So what that means is the time it takes for us to understand and comprehend the information that we are taking into our visual process. Basically reading breaks down to three steps. It is a series of saccades, fixation, and the time it takes to do that cognitive processing which is called the cognitive processing pause. In other words, the time it takes it takes us to understand what were reading. As I mentioned, for instance, the saccade takes about 30 milliseconds. On average each of those processes can be allotted to a certain number, which I dont have right in front of me. But my point in saying that is that even though each process might take a certain amount of time, you cant simply condense those numbers in order to determine the average length of reading because it just doesnt work that way. Cath Anne: [00:08:14] When we are reading there are other factors that need to come into play rather than just speed. Of course we all want to decrease the amount of time it takes us to read. However, there are many other factors, which have to be considered in order to attain an average reading limit. A couple of those factors are: that we generally skip a lot on the page. When we are reading we focus on the concept, the conceptual. So the words that have meaning in them and the words that contribute meaning to the passage. Whereas we dont put as much emphasis on conjunctions, propositions, and grammar words that intersect and join the language together. Because of that we are missing a lot of information and so that adds time onto our cognitive processing. [00:09:19] In addition, were all probably familiar with how we often have to go back and read a passage. Im pretty sure its a pretty common process. That is called regression. So if you read a page and then you dont quite make sense of it and you have to go back thats called regression. That can also take up time or more reading as well which is something that needs to be considered when were trying to determine average length of reading. Instagram Viewer: [00:10:08] Never knew this all existed. Thanks a lot. Cath Anne: [00:10:11] No problem Neighborly Consultant. Were just getting started. Ive got a lot of content this week. And like I said if anyone wants to go back and listen to it again itll all be up on YouTube and on our various channels, so no worries there. Cath Anne: [00:10:31] So another problem that kind of comes into play when were trying to determine whether speed reading is appropriate is our working memory. Our working memory is that component of the brain that is functioning when we are reading. So its our memory activity at work. When were using our working memory it can only take in four chunks of information at a time. A chunk of information is a variety of information. It is different concepts, which are linked through meaning and where were learning something complicated or something that were unfamiliar with these chunks will be smaller because it will take our brains more time to process them. But if its something that were more familiar with itll take less time. The problem is, when we were trying to do techniques like speed reading, we are taking up too much space in the working memory. Were taking up too much of it through more than those four chunks. So what were sacrificing is comprehension and retention. When we do take in more information, sure thats great. We can we can take it into our brain but that doesnt necessarily mean that were going to understand it and it doesnt mean that were going to retain it. So I think the question kind of becomes: are you reading for comprehension and retention or reading so that you can read? Cath Anne: [00:12:16] Thats the overall theme here is the speed reading sure can be good but we are missing out potentially on comprehending the information were taking in and retaining the information were taking in. Cath Anne: [00:12:34] So that was a lot of information. Does anyone have any questions? So how does this all relate to speed reading? There are some experts out there who would suggest that you can boost your reading limit to twelve hundred words a minute. However, based on a longitudinal study by Keith Rayner, the average student reads actually Im going to ask you guys what do you think the average student reads per minute? How many words per minute? Instagram Viewer: [00:13:48] Is it possible to read too fast? I tend to skip many words. I remember being told in school that my eyes moved way too fast. Cath Anne: [00:14:00] (To Instagram Viewer): Well thats interesting. Your eyes move too fast? Im not sure about that, but I think thats a common experience, GKaur, that people tend to skip words. I think a lot of people tend to skip words when theyre reading. So I dont think thats an uncommon experience. And sometimes you know when youre saying you were quite young in grade 9 so its possible that maybe I dont know. Correct me if Im wrong. Maybe you wanted to finish up with your with your readings so you were trying to go a bit too fast and you werent taking all the information that was being offered. Instagram Viewer: [00:14:47] 100 words per second. Cath Anne: [00:14:50] Anyone else have a guess as to what the average college student reads? How many words per minute? Cath Anne: [00:15:09] Im not sure what your eyes moving too fast. Ive never heard that before but Im going to talk about some more techniques that will help to kind of slow down that process. So maybe well kind of work it out as we keep talking here. Instagram Viewer: [00:15:32] Probably 70 words per minute. Cath Anne: [00:15:35] Surprisingly, so a strong reader and a strong college reader will read on average between 200 and 400 words per minute. Thats an average. So if youre falling within that then youre doing well. That is the average so thats quite a jump too. And thats a good reader. Thats a strong reader. So it would be quite a jump to go from 200 or 400 to twelve hundred words per minute. I mean certainly its possible its been done. But as I mentioned retention and comprehension arent necessarily possible when youre reading fast. As I mentioned if youre reading between 200 and 400 words per minute relevant then youre in the norm. People who are reading faster than that are sacrificing comprehension. Reading at lower comprehension rates should be called skimming and not speed reading. Youre not really reading any more at that point because reading involves cognitive processing. Whereas skimming is just glancing over the information taking in some of the information but definitely its not as extensive as the process of reading. Cath Anne: [00:17:07] So now I want to talk about what are some common speed reading techniques and whether they work or not whether we think they work or not. Has anyone heard of any speed reading techniques before? Cath Anne: [00:17:22] I wasnt too familiar with them until I started actually doing some research on this because it is a quite interesting topic. But I was I was familiar with one of the techniques that Ill be mentioning. So I open with that to see if anyone else has heard of it before. Cath Anne: [00:17:47] Has anyone practiced speed reading before or read about it? I dont know everything about this topic so it would be great to hear from someone who potentially has you speed reading effectively. Cath Anne: [00:18:17] So one of the techniques is called large fixation. Basically what that means is if I had this page I would look at it at a glance and do an overall scan of the page and take in the information thats on the page. Its basically like taking a mental snapshot and then taking in the information from that mental snapshot. Cath Anne: [00:18:50] However, there are two problems that. If people are reading through a mental snapshot, first of all theyre not really reading. Second of all, theyre not able to follow the lines of the text. In any lines any and any written language we usually write in lines. When we are following the lines we are able to comprehend what is being said. Of course I mean Im speaking about this is in relation to English. It might be different for other languages. That would be interesting to look into. Because we read in a certain pattern and meaning is ascribed to those lines, it doesnt make sense that you would be able to take a mental snapshot of the page while not following the lines. Cath Anne: [00:19:48] The second problem with that is that, as I mentioned, in your peripheral vision youre unable to take an information. If you are trying to take a mental snapshot of a page then youre missing out on the bulk of the information because its on the periphery and it just doesnt work from that angle. It has been proven that doing that kind of mental snapshot process, you might skim some information but its certainly not a reading technique by any means. Instagram Viewer: [00:20:28] I heard bit of a never tried those test quizzes in university. I did those signs but I was too shy to try it out. Cath Anne: [00:20:38] (To Instagram Viewer): Yeah I know, they do seem to be everywhere I feel. But I thought this was really interesting to kind of talk about how speed reading, sure, could be great but maybe not necessarily because were not taking in as much information. (To Instagram Viewer(: So, maybe you good, GKaur, for skipping out on it. Cath Anne: [00:21:06] So this second technique that Ive heard of which Ive found really difficult was called sub-vocalization or basically the brain speaking inside your head when you are reading. I dont know if you guys are familiar with when youre reading a novel and you are reading and your brain translates the words that youre reading into language in in your head. That is your brain processing that information and its like a little voice in your head thats reading to you. Cath Anne: [00:21:44] What has been suggested by speed reader theorists is that if you can suppress that sub-vocalization, you can increase your reading speed. Instead of processing the information as youre reading it, youre closing down that voice and just reading. In a study by Elizabeth Shodher indicates that when see words verbally, their brain wants to access the sound of those words in their head in order to make sense of them. Thats a natural process for your brain to be doing, translating the words that youre reading into verbal sounds in your head and that is how we make sense of information. Instagram Viewer: [00:22:34] That happens a lot to me. Cath Anne: [00:22:35] I know me too and so I tried to stop it because I heard this about speed reading that if you slow down that voice then youll be able to read faster. I just find that distracts me and then I get frustrated. The reality is that thats a natural process for us and when we suppress the sub-vocalization, comprehension goes way down because reading is naturally tied to our auditory language processing capabilities. Trying to separate the two just doesnt work. So its scientifically proven that we are OK. Your brain naturally translates those written words into auditory signals into your brain. When we separate those two, were just trying to interrupt a natural brain process, which doesnt work. Cath Anne: [00:23:42] Lets talk about some techniques that you can use to increase your reading abilities. The first technique is going to sound a little inconvenient because you know speed reading is so appealing it just has this sound that its going to be so promising that were going to be able to increase our capacity to read and that were going to be able to read more books and read more efficiently because were faster at it. But in reality we are potentially minimizing comprehension and retention, which kind of brings into question why are we reading in the first place, if we are not interested in comprehending or reading. [00:24:29] So the first recommendation that Im going to provide to you it is a little inconvenient and certainly not a quick fix but like anything and like any skill it is something we have to practice. In order to increase your reading speed you must read often, you have to read a lot of different things, and you have to read challenging material. Cath Anne: [00:24:54] Like any skill, reading takes time and practice to get good at it. I will reiterate this. Im trying to develop a career as a freelance writer. I hear this all the time. If it is something you want to do you have to do it. You have to practice it. You have to do it every day and then your brain just gets into the habit of it gets used to it. Particularly, I think reading often so were making a habit of doing it every day reading a lot of different things so reading everything from academic journals to articles in the newspaper to literature, expanding your depth of the reading. It will challenge your brain in different ways and make you retain information in different ways. Read challenging material, so read material thats not just on Reddit. As we all do or on Facebook because technically thats not reading thats more skimming. We need to be looking at opportunities to read challenging materials like books, literature, challenging articles on publications like Th e New York Times and the Atlantic, articles that present quality journalism and then eventually will get better at reading. That is one of the top tips thats been offered that out there in the literature around reading is that we have to practice. Its something that we have to just do on a regular basis in order to get better at it. Cath Anne: [00:26:45] This might be a tip for GKaur. The second tip is for people who like to daydream or get bored when theyre reading and I can do this too. It depends on the time of day for me. I find if Im tired or if Im distracted if I try to read before I go to bed, sometimes I just fall asleep. Sometimes I get bored and go on social media. One tip is that when youre reading say youre reading a novel and youre not really interested in it or even an academic paper and youre not really interested in it, it can be helpful to read it and then find something of interest to link it to. So then your brain has a natural connection and then it gets more interested in what youre reading. Cath Anne: [00:27:33] For example, if Im reading an essay about the brain and cognitive processes, maybe and I try to link that to something Im interested in like reading. So when its talking about neural processes maybe Ill think about how I enjoy reading and how reading can help me learn more. So just thinking about how to connect really obscure or abstract information to something concrete that youre interested in can make that an actual pathway in your brain. Cath Anne: [00:28:13] A second or third tip is to create a space for yourself to read. So its all about forming those habits. So I will not read in bed anymore because I know that when I when I read in bed Im not going to get very much reading done because I will fall asleep. I sit in a comfortable chair or here at my desk and I read because then my brain becomes associated with this spot that I go to read. Its like creating a space for yourself to do work your brain just associates that with that particular habit and then you are more readily able to do that in the future. So find your optimal reading spot. Thats what well call that. Its good to have spots carved out to be able to go there and do that and then your brain associates that spot with that particular habit. Cath Anne: [00:29:19] Then I wanted to talk a little bit more specifically about academic reading. So when were trying to take in bulks of information often especially in any degree really it always seems like there is a ton of information that we all have to take in. Cath Anne: [00:29:45] One of the one of the tips to navigate this is to free read. When were looking at a textbook or an article go through and do a pre-read. So generally when Im reading an article I will read the abstract, and then I will read the introduction, and then I will read the conclusion and that will give me a sense of the information thats going to be contained in the body of the article. Then when they go through and read the article everything comes together a lot more smoothly and a lot more articulately in my brain because I already understand concepts which are being presented in the article. This could also work for textbooks. If you go through a chapter say youre focusing on a chapter goes through and highlight all the headings, highlight all the concepts, the main content and the really important information that exists within the chapter. Then go back and read the chapter more thoroughly and highlight more specific things. What this can do is help you frame the important information thats in a chapter and not have to read the whole chapter because lets be honest, sometimes its just not realistic. I know your professors would like to believe that we all have the time to be able to read every textbook through and through but it can be really helpful to learn these techniques so pre-read. If its an article read the intro, conclusion, abstract, and then read the book of the article. Cath Anne: [00:31:31] If its a textbook go through the chapter and highlight the topics, the headings, the subheadings and then go back and read through more thoroughly because when you do that pre-reading process youre priming your brain for taking in more information. Then what you can do instead of speed reading is go back and scan. Although we talked about how skimming is not that great for comprehension and retention, you can still pick out the pertinent information. As well youve already gone and done your pre-read. So you know the important information and you can go back and pick out the more detailed information through your skim. One way of doing that is called pseudo-skimming and this is a concept that was brought to light by Cal Newport. Pseudo-skimming is a process in which you go through your text and look for the paragraphs, which hold the main ideas, concepts, and theories. So in your skim youre going to go through read the first sentence and the last sentence of the smaller paragraphs and then youll get in a sense of what that paragraph is about and whether it contains pertinent information. Then once you identify those important paragraphs you can slow down and take in the information would you because this was in that paragraph. You dont necessarily have to read every single paragraph, just the ones that contain the important information and then you can break those down and read them more closely for comprehension and make sure youre highlighting and going through that process. Cath Anne: [00:33:38] When youre doing a pseudo skim of paragraphs like I said make sure you are picking out the first and last sentence of a paragraph because those will determine what information is held within that paragraph. Then you can determine whether thats a pertinent paragraph to focus on or not. I definitely recommend doing the pre-read before you do that. So you have a sense of the overall chapter and what youre looking for. Cath Anne: [00:34:03] Another tip in terms of reading pertaining to textbooks is that often textbooks will highlight and bold different terms and important concepts. So make sure that youre going through and highlighting those when youre studying or reading your textbook as well. Cath Anne: [00:34:37] Overall, Im not going to discount speed reading because I think it can be beneficial in some capacities but I think we want to question what is our purpose for reading. Do we want to increase our reading capacity so we can say that weve read more books than another person or are we in it to learn more and gain insight about the information when were reading. Cath Anne: [00:35:05] It can be really helpful to take a moment after we read to go over the information and really engage with the information so that it becomes a part of you and a part of how you think about things moving forward. So whether its a textbook or an academic article or a piece of literature or a self-help book sitting with that information and figuring out how does it fit into your life, how does it fit into your world view? How does it fit into how youre going to move forward in the world? Cath Anne: [00:35:40] By critically thinking about the information that were taking in we are more apt to recall it. In this way were kind of reframing how were thinking about reading. As opposed to speed reading and in taking bulks of information at a time that were not necessarily comprehending or retaining; were talking about engaging with material and taking some time to investigate how that material will play out in our lives. Cath Anne: [00:36:24] I had one last thing for you which is a book recommendation which has been coming across my life every once in a while and recently its a book called Deep Work by Cal Newport. The book delves deep into the issue of lack of focus or getting deeply involved in your work. Cath Anne: [00:36:45] So, GKaur, maybe this is one for you, although everyone is probably super swamped with work right now. I know that its really busy for us but this book might be a good one to pick up over the holidays. Cal Newport talks about how when we gravitate towards things like our smartphones, were getting distracted on the Internet and were actually taking away our focus muscle. So were creating a habit of getting away from what were focused on or our work or reading. Were severing that tie so were distracting ourselves consistently and in that way were not exercising the muscles that it takes for us to continue to focus. So its really important. Cath Anne: [00:37:36] He would advocate that we take away all those distractions and avoid those distractions. In that way we are actually exercising that muscle that helps us to focus and we are able to retain more information and develop our reading abilities and improve our focus abilities more readily. I highly recommend the book Deep Work by Newport because I think its really an important book in this day and age because of all the distractions that we have. Cath Anne: [00:38:09] One last tip to help you on your reading journey make sure that you are reading a lot. Be consistent. Try to set a goal for yourself every day. So whether its 25 pages or ten pages, wake up in the morning and have your coffee and enjoy reading a book and get it off your list for the day. When you start to cultivate a habit like that then it will just become more regular. If you do you know four days of reading and twenty-five pages a day, youre a hundred pages a week within four days really. So its just that easy. Sometimes we think we dont have enough time to do these things, which we dont. We definitely have limited time these days, but I think we need to do what we can do to carve out space to be able to read. Cath Anne: [00:39:07] I think that was it for this week. I hope that was helpful. I really enjoy this topic. Instagram Viewer: [00:39:19] Thats my issue I need to start in the mornings. Cath Anne: [00:39:22] (To Instagram Viewer): I know The Neighbourly Consultant, that is my issue too him. Im trying to be more of a morning person. Its hard though. There never seems to be enough time in a day. Thats what Ive been reading is a lot about just some of the most successful people in the world (depending on how you define success), get up in the morning and they read and they meditate. So thats how they start their day. I think there are ways that we can build reading into our lives more readily and it actually doesnt take that much to start to cultivate the habit you know whether it be even five pages of a day or 10 pages a day it doesnt have to be as much as 25 pages. If you are a slower reader, which I honestly am slower, reader I think Im probably on the low end of the words per minute. It does take me a little bit of time to read things because I think I have I take longer to process things cognitively sometimes. Just dont be too hard on yourself and start practicing because the more you practice the more your brain is going to get used to reading. Cath Anne: [00:41:04] Well, I think thats it for me this week. Hope you enjoyed that I really enjoyed doing the research for this one. I dont know if you guys have any other questions or comments or suggestions for topics that would be great because we want to really bring information, that viewers want to see. Cath Anne: [00:41:39] Feel free to join us next week we will be here again live with The Homework Help Global Learning Studio on Instagram and Facebook. If you do want to access this information another time, we always have our videos up on Facebook. Were also on Twitter and LinkedIn. Were on Instagram of course were on Google Plus, YouTube, Medium and now also Soundcloud, Anchor, iTunes Apple Podcasts, Google Play Music. If you want to find just search Homework Help Global, and we will be there. . Cath Anne: [00:42:20] Also, if you do have any questions please leave them to us in our DMs on Instagram or message us on Facebook. You can use the #askHHG on Twitter or on Facebook or on Instagram and you can connect with us there. We really appreciate you guys engaging with us. Love doing this and love bringing you some valuable content. If you do have any ideas please hit us up because Im always open to learning about new things and doing research on things. It is one of my passions. We can keep this conversation going. Instagram Viewer: [00:43:08] Winter blues are really indeed! Great session today. Thanks for all that information. It was great. Will try reading with those tips. Cath Anne: [00:43:15] (To Instagram Viewer): Awesome GKaur! Thank you. Im glad you enjoyed it. I will see you folks all next week. Nice to see you. Take care. Have a good night. EP 10 Techniques To Increase Speed Reading Developing Reading Habits EP 10: Techniques To Increase Speed Reading, Developing Reading Habits More EP 10: Techniques To Increase Speed Reading, Developing Reading Habits More Episode 10, here we go! Due to some requests from our followers, this week we covered how to speed-read and how to retain information as you read. We discussed the true definition and meaning of speed reading, common techniques taught about speed reading, the 5 techniques to increase speed reading, and how to do active reading. The Homework Help Show is our new weekly live show where we teach, assist, and offer valuable insights on different topics related to students academic and personal lives. Want your questions answered? Ask your questions on social media using the hashtag #askHHG TRANSCRIPT: Cath Anne: [00:00:05] As I mentioned speed reading. Cath Anne: [00:00:08] (To Instagram Viewer): Hi the Neighbourly Consultant. Nice to see you. You didnt miss anything. We are just starting. I was waiting for some other folks to join. Theres is Kaur; hello folks. Nice to see you. Its nice to have company. Cath Anne: [00:00:32] This week were going to be talking about speed reading because someone had requested it. I think it was in one of her earlier sessions that someone had requested some information about speed reading so thats why we decided to take it up as the semester starting to wind down. Cath Anne: [00:00:51] Speed reading is one of those things that kind of has an interesting history and emphasis. Ill talk a little bit about that. Its also a concept, which appeals to everyone because everyone likes to read and reading can benefit a lot of different people. It can be really tempting concept to learn about just because of the fact that it allows you to read more words and take in more books. However, youre probably not going to like what I have to say about speedreading but well get into that. Cath Anne: [00:01:40] Anyone who is on campus or is even on Instagram these days we seem to constantly be inundated with advertisements to make our lives better. One of these ways can be through speed reading. There seems to be a little bit of forward momentum around self-help and around reading more books and taking in more information. As we are bombarded a lot of the time by technology it can be difficult to carve out time to read and people are looking for more ways to increase their reading capabilities. Of course speed reading can be a really tempting offer. You may see posters on campus thatll say, You can increase your speed reading or your reading limit up to nine hundred words per minute or twelve hundred words per minute. I would suggest, just based on some research that Ive done that its not necessarily beneficial to read that quickly. I will talk more in depth about why that is. Instagram Viewer: [00:03:03] I would read more if I could read faster. Cath Anne: [00:03:05] (To Instagram Viewer): Well I know and, see thats the tempting part of it is that we consider that if we can increase our reading capacity then well be able to take in more information. However, Ill get into some of the science around reading and well discuss whether we think that is actually legitimate or not. We will also discuss the negative aspects of reading at such a pace. Cath Anne: [00:03:34] So I dont know if you guys remember, a few weeks ago I talked about Thomas Frank. Hes amazing. He does a lot of YouTube videos about productivity and school, how do you increase your grades, how to read properly, and all of that good stuff. So some of this information is drawn from his research. He has done quite extensive research. Kind of his area of expertise and hes a real inspiration to me. Id love to kind of get into that niche as well. I drew on a little bit of his research for this topic, just so you guys are aware. Cath Anne: [00:04:17] The most important component that we need when we are reading is our eyes, obviously. Were going to be talking about the science of reading. We have to talk about our eyes and how her eyes take in information. Thats where I wanted to start just with the science of reading and how it works with the brain. Then well move on to some specific techniques around reading. Cath Anne: [00:04:46] When we read we dont read in a slow, smooth motion we read in what are called saccades. It is spelled S-A-C-C-A-D-E-S. That refers to the process of how we move our eyes when we read. Ill try to do a little demonstration; it might look a little funny. When we move our eyes across the page were reading and those are called saccades. They are the quick jerky movements that we use will more reading time. Cath Anne: [00:05:24] (To Instagram Viewer): Hi, Ginny. Thanks for joining. Were just talking about the science of speed reading and the science of reading. So were talking about the different types of eye movements that you use when youre reading. Cath Anne: [00:05:38] So saccades are the quick jerky movements. When we read to ourselves when were reading a book we can read about 8 letters on a page in about 30 milliseconds. So that would be considered saccade. So thats the amount of words we take in within 30 milliseconds. Cath Anne: [00:06:00] Then a second movement that we use when we are reading is called a fixation. So that is when we stop and we pause our eyes over a certain amount of text. We fixate on that specific text. In order to read effectively were fixating on text. We must take in the information thats right in front of our eyes and just to the outside of our eyes. We are not taking any information on the periphery because that is not how our eyes work. It is too blurry and we cant make sense of the information thats in the periphery. So when we are fixating or when we are using saccades it is only information thats in front of our eyes and just to the side that we are able to take in. Cath Anne: [00:06:55] Then in addition to the actual eye movements that make reading possible we have to take into consideration the cognitive processing which occurs when we are reading. So what that means is the time it takes for us to understand and comprehend the information that we are taking into our visual process. Basically reading breaks down to three steps. It is a series of saccades, fixation, and the time it takes to do that cognitive processing which is called the cognitive processing pause. In other words, the time it takes it takes us to understand what were reading. As I mentioned, for instance, the saccade takes about 30 milliseconds. On average each of those processes can be allotted to a certain number, which I dont have right in front of me. But my point in saying that is that even though each process might take a certain amount of time, you cant simply condense those numbers in order to determine the average length of reading because it just doesnt work that way. Cath Anne: [00:08:14] When we are reading there are other factors that need to come into play rather than just speed. Of course we all want to decrease the amount of time it takes us to read. However, there are many other factors, which have to be considered in order to attain an average reading limit. A couple of those factors are: that we generally skip a lot on the page. When we are reading we focus on the concept, the conceptual. So the words that have meaning in them and the words that contribute meaning to the passage. Whereas we dont put as much emphasis on conjunctions, propositions, and grammar words that intersect and join the language together. Because of that we are missing a lot of information and so that adds time onto our cognitive processing. [00:09:19] In addition, were all probably familiar with how we often have to go back and read a passage. Im pretty sure its a pretty common process. That is called regression. So if you read a page and then you dont quite make sense of it and you have to go back thats called regression. That can also take up time or more reading as well which is something that needs to be considered when were trying to determine average length of reading. Instagram Viewer: [00:10:08] Never knew this all existed. Thanks a lot. Cath Anne: [00:10:11] No problem Neighborly Consultant. Were just getting started. Ive got a lot of content this week. And like I said if anyone wants to go back and listen to it again itll all be up on YouTube and on our various channels, so no worries there. Cath Anne: [00:10:31] So another problem that kind of comes into play when were trying to determine whether speed reading is appropriate is our working memory. Our working memory is that component of the brain that is functioning when we are reading. So its our memory activity at work. When were using our working memory it can only take in four chunks of information at a time. A chunk of information is a variety of information. It is different concepts, which are linked through meaning and where were learning something complicated or something that were unfamiliar with these chunks will be smaller because it will take our brains more time to process them. But if its something that were more familiar with itll take less time. The problem is, when we were trying to do techniques like speed reading, we are taking up too much space in the working memory. Were taking up too much of it through more than those four chunks. So what were sacrificing is comprehension and retention. When we do take in more information, sure thats great. We can we can take it into our brain but that doesnt necessarily mean that were going to understand it and it doesnt mean that were going to retain it. So I think the question kind of becomes: are you reading for comprehension and retention or reading so that you can read? Cath Anne: [00:12:16] Thats the overall theme here is the speed reading sure can be good but we are missing out potentially on comprehending the information were taking in and retaining the information were taking in. Cath Anne: [00:12:34] So that was a lot of information. Does anyone have any questions? So how does this all relate to speed reading? There are some experts out there who would suggest that you can boost your reading limit to twelve hundred words a minute. However, based on a longitudinal study by Keith Rayner, the average student reads actually Im going to ask you guys what do you think the average student reads per minute? How many words per minute? Instagram Viewer: [00:13:48] Is it possible to read too fast? I tend to skip many words. I remember being told in school that my eyes moved way too fast. Cath Anne: [00:14:00] (To Instagram Viewer): Well thats interesting. Your eyes move too fast? Im not sure about that, but I think thats a common experience, GKaur, that people tend to skip words. I think a lot of people tend to skip words when theyre reading. So I dont think thats an uncommon experience. And sometimes you know when youre saying you were quite young in grade 9 so its possible that maybe I dont know. Correct me if Im wrong. Maybe you wanted to finish up with your with your readings so you were trying to go a bit too fast and you werent taking all the information that was being offered. Instagram Viewer: [00:14:47] 100 words per second. Cath Anne: [00:14:50] Anyone else have a guess as to what the average college student reads? How many words per minute? Cath Anne: [00:15:09] Im not sure what your eyes moving too fast. Ive never heard that before but Im going to talk about some more techniques that will help to kind of slow down that process. So maybe well kind of work it out as we keep talking here. Instagram Viewer: [00:15:32] Probably 70 words per minute. Cath Anne: [00:15:35] Surprisingly, so a strong reader and a strong college reader will read on average between 200 and 400 words per minute. Thats an average. So if youre falling within that then youre doing well. That is the average so thats quite a jump too. And thats a good reader. Thats a strong reader. So it would be quite a jump to go from 200 or 400 to twelve hundred words per minute. I mean certainly its possible its been done. But as I mentioned retention and comprehension arent necessarily possible when youre reading fast. As I mentioned if youre reading between 200 and 400 words per minute relevant then youre in the norm. People who are reading faster than that are sacrificing comprehension. Reading at lower comprehension rates should be called skimming and not speed reading. Youre not really reading any more at that point because reading involves cognitive processing. Whereas skimming is just glancing over the information taking in some of the information but definitely its not as extensive as the process of reading. Cath Anne: [00:17:07] So now I want to talk about what are some common speed reading techniques and whether they work or not whether we think they work or not. Has anyone heard of any speed reading techniques before? Cath Anne: [00:17:22] I wasnt too familiar with them until I started actually doing some research on this because it is a quite interesting topic. But I was I was familiar with one of the techniques that Ill be mentioning. So I open with that to see if anyone else has heard of it before. Cath Anne: [00:17:47] Has anyone practiced speed reading before or read about it? I dont know everything about this topic so it would be great to hear from someone who potentially has you speed reading effectively. Cath Anne: [00:18:17] So one of the techniques is called large fixation. Basically what that means is if I had this page I would look at it at a glance and do an overall scan of the page and take in the information thats on the page. Its basically like taking a mental snapshot and then taking in the information from that mental snapshot. Cath Anne: [00:18:50] However, there are two problems that. If people are reading through a mental snapshot, first of all theyre not really reading. Second of all, theyre not able to follow the lines of the text. In any lines any and any written language we usually write in lines. When we are following the lines we are able to comprehend what is being said. Of course I mean Im speaking about this is in relation to English. It might be different for other languages. That would be interesting to look into. Because we read in a certain pattern and meaning is ascribed to those lines, it doesnt make sense that you would be able to take a mental snapshot of the page while not following the lines. Cath Anne: [00:19:48] The second problem with that is that, as I mentioned, in your peripheral vision youre unable to take an information. If you are trying to take a mental snapshot of a page then youre missing out on the bulk of the information because its on the periphery and it just doesnt work from that angle. It has been proven that doing that kind of mental snapshot process, you might skim some information but its certainly not a reading technique by any means. Instagram Viewer: [00:20:28] I heard bit of a never tried those test quizzes in university. I did those signs but I was too shy to try it out. Cath Anne: [00:20:38] (To Instagram Viewer): Yeah I know, they do seem to be everywhere I feel. But I thought this was really interesting to kind of talk about how speed reading, sure, could be great but maybe not necessarily because were not taking in as much information. (To Instagram Viewer(: So, maybe you good, GKaur, for skipping out on it. Cath Anne: [00:21:06] So this second technique that Ive heard of which Ive found really difficult was called sub-vocalization or basically the brain speaking inside your head when you are reading. I dont know if you guys are familiar with when youre reading a novel and you are reading and your brain translates the words that youre reading into language in in your head. That is your brain processing that information and its like a little voice in your head thats reading to you. Cath Anne: [00:21:44] What has been suggested by speed reader theorists is that if you can suppress that sub-vocalization, you can increase your reading speed. Instead of processing the information as youre reading it, youre closing down that voice and just reading. In a study by Elizabeth Shodher indicates that when see words verbally, their brain wants to access the sound of those words in their head in order to make sense of them. Thats a natural process for your brain to be doing, translating the words that youre reading into verbal sounds in your head and that is how we make sense of information. Instagram Viewer: [00:22:34] That happens a lot to me. Cath Anne: [00:22:35] I know me too and so I tried to stop it because I heard this about speed reading that if you slow down that voice then youll be able to read faster. I just find that distracts me and then I get frustrated. The reality is that thats a natural process for us and when we suppress the sub-vocalization, comprehension goes way down because reading is naturally tied to our auditory language processing capabilities. Trying to separate the two just doesnt work. So its scientifically proven that we are OK. Your brain naturally translates those written words into auditory signals into your brain. When we separate those two, were just trying to interrupt a natural brain process, which doesnt work. Cath Anne: [00:23:42] Lets talk about some techniques that you can use to increase your reading abilities. The first technique is going to sound a little inconvenient because you know speed reading is so appealing it just has this sound that its going to be so promising that were going to be able to increase our capacity to read and that were going to be able to read more books and read more efficiently because were faster at it. But in reality we are potentially minimizing comprehension and retention, which kind of brings into question why are we reading in the first place, if we are not interested in comprehending or reading. [00:24:29] So the first recommendation that Im going to provide to you it is a little inconvenient and certainly not a quick fix but like anything and like any skill it is something we have to practice. In order to increase your reading speed you must read often, you have to read a lot of different things, and you have to read challenging material. Cath Anne: [00:24:54] Like any skill, reading takes time and practice to get good at it. I will reiterate this. Im trying to develop a career as a freelance writer. I hear this all the time. If it is something you want to do you have to do it. You have to practice it. You have to do it every day and then your brain just gets into the habit of it gets used to it. Particularly, I think reading often so were making a habit of doing it every day reading a lot of different things so reading everything from academic journals to articles in the newspaper to literature, expanding your depth of the reading. It will challenge your brain in different ways and make you retain information in different ways. Read challenging material, so read material thats not just on Reddit. As we all do or on Facebook because technically thats not reading thats more skimming. We need to be looking at opportunities to read challenging materials like books, literature, challenging articles on publications like Th e New York Times and the Atlantic, articles that present quality journalism and then eventually will get better at reading. That is one of the top tips thats been offered that out there in the literature around reading is that we have to practice. Its something that we have to just do on a regular basis in order to get better at it. Cath Anne: [00:26:45] This might be a tip for GKaur. The second tip is for people who like to daydream or get bored when theyre reading and I can do this too. It depends on the time of day for me. I find if Im tired or if Im distracted if I try to read before I go to bed, sometimes I just fall asleep. Sometimes I get bored and go on social media. One tip is that when youre reading say youre reading a novel and youre not really interested in it or even an academic paper and youre not really interested in it, it can be helpful to read it and then find something of interest to link it to. So then your brain has a natural connection and then it gets more interested in what youre reading. Cath Anne: [00:27:33] For example, if Im reading an essay about the brain and cognitive processes, maybe and I try to link that to something Im interested in like reading. So when its talking about neural processes maybe Ill think about how I enjoy reading and how reading can help me learn more. So just thinking about how to connect really obscure or abstract information to something concrete that youre interested in can make that an actual pathway in your brain. Cath Anne: [00:28:13] A second or third tip is to create a space for yourself to read. So its all about forming those habits. So I will not read in bed anymore because I know that when I when I read in bed Im not going to get very much reading done because I will fall asleep. I sit in a comfortable chair or here at my desk and I read because then my brain becomes associated with this spot that I go to read. Its like creating a space for yourself to do work your brain just associates that with that particular habit and then you are more readily able to do that in the future. So find your optimal reading spot. Thats what well call that. Its good to have spots carved out to be able to go there and do that and then your brain associates that spot with that particular habit. Cath Anne: [00:29:19] Then I wanted to talk a little bit more specifically about academic reading. So when were trying to take in bulks of information often especially in any degree really it always seems like there is a ton of information that we all have to take in. Cath Anne: [00:29:45] One of the one of the tips to navigate this is to free read. When were looking at a textbook or an article go through and do a pre-read. So generally when Im reading an article I will read the abstract, and then I will read the introduction, and then I will read the conclusion and that will give me a sense of the information thats going to be contained in the body of the article. Then when they go through and read the article everything comes together a lot more smoothly and a lot more articulately in my brain because I already understand concepts which are being presented in the article. This could also work for textbooks. If you go through a chapter say youre focusing on a chapter goes through and highlight all the headings, highlight all the concepts, the main content and the really important information that exists within the chapter. Then go back and read the chapter more thoroughly and highlight more specific things. What this can do is help you frame the important information thats in a chapter and not have to read the whole chapter because lets be honest, sometimes its just not realistic. I know your professors would like to believe that we all have the time to be able to read every textbook through and through but it can be really helpful to learn these techniques so pre-read. If its an article read the intro, conclusion, abstract, and then read the book of the article. Cath Anne: [00:31:31] If its a textbook go through the chapter and highlight the topics, the headings, the subheadings and then go back and read through more thoroughly because when you do that pre-reading process youre priming your brain for taking in more information. Then what you can do instead of speed reading is go back and scan. Although we talked about how skimming is not that great for comprehension and retention, you can still pick out the pertinent information. As well youve already gone and done your pre-read. So you know the important information and you can go back and pick out the more detailed information through your skim. One way of doing that is called pseudo-skimming and this is a concept that was brought to light by Cal Newport. Pseudo-skimming is a process in which you go through your text and look for the paragraphs, which hold the main ideas, concepts, and theories. So in your skim youre going to go through read the first sentence and the last sentence of the smaller paragraphs and then youll get in a sense of what that paragraph is about and whether it contains pertinent information. Then once you identify those important paragraphs you can slow down and take in the information would you because this was in that paragraph. You dont necessarily have to read every single paragraph, just the ones that contain the important information and then you can break those down and read them more closely for comprehension and make sure youre highlighting and going through that process. Cath Anne: [00:33:38] When youre doing a pseudo skim of paragraphs like I said make sure you are picking out the first and last sentence of a paragraph because those will determine what information is held within that paragraph. Then you can determine whether thats a pertinent paragraph to focus on or not. I definitely recommend doing the pre-read before you do that. So you have a sense of the overall chapter and what youre looking for. Cath Anne: [00:34:03] Another tip in terms of reading pertaining to textbooks is that often textbooks will highlight and bold different terms and important concepts. So make sure that youre going through and highlighting those when youre studying or reading your textbook as well. Cath Anne: [00:34:37] Overall, Im not going to discount speed reading because I think it can be beneficial in some capacities but I think we want to question what is our purpose for reading. Do we want to increase our reading capacity so we can say that weve read more books than another person or are we in it to learn more and gain insight about the information when were reading. Cath Anne: [00:35:05] It can be really helpful to take a moment after we read to go over the information and really engage with the information so that it becomes a part of you and a part of how you think about things moving forward. So whether its a textbook or an academic article or a piece of literature or a self-help book sitting with that information and figuring out how does it fit into your life, how does it fit into your world view? How does it fit into how youre going to move forward in the world? Cath Anne: [00:35:40] By critically thinking about the information that were taking in we are more apt to recall it. In this way were kind of reframing how were thinking about reading. As opposed to speed reading and in taking bulks of information at a time that were not necessarily comprehending or retaining; were talking about engaging with material and taking some time to investigate how that material will play out in our lives. Cath Anne: [00:36:24] I had one last thing for you which is a book recommendation which has been coming across my life every once in a while and recently its a book called Deep Work by Cal Newport. The book delves deep into the issue of lack of focus or getting deeply involved in your work. Cath Anne: [00:36:45] So, GKaur, maybe this is one for you, although everyone is probably super swamped with work right now. I know that its really busy for us but this book might be a good one to pick up over the holidays. Cal Newport talks about how when we gravitate towards things like our smartphones, were getting distracted on the Internet and were actually taking away our focus muscle. So were creating a habit of getting away from what were focused on or our work or reading. Were severing that tie so were distracting ourselves consistently and in that way were not exercising the muscles that it takes for us to continue to focus. So its really important. Cath Anne: [00:37:36] He would advocate that we take away all those distractions and avoid those distractions. In that way we are actually exercising that muscle that helps us to focus and we are able to retain more information and develop our reading abilities and improve our focus abilities more readily. I highly recommend the book Deep Work by Newport because I think its really an important book in this day and age because of all the distractions that we have. Cath Anne: [00:38:09] One last tip to help you on your reading journey make sure that you are reading a lot. Be consistent. Try to set a goal for yourself every day. So whether its 25 pages or ten pages, wake up in the morning and have your coffee and enjoy reading a book and get it off your list for the day. When you start to cultivate a habit like that then it will just become more regular. If you do you know four days of reading and twenty-five pages a day, youre a hundred pages a week within four days really. So its just that easy. Sometimes we think we dont have enough time to do these things, which we dont. We definitely have limited time these days, but I think we need to do what we can do to carve out space to be able to read. Cath Anne: [00:39:07] I think that was it for this week. I hope that was helpful. I really enjoy this topic. Instagram Viewer: [00:39:19] Thats my issue I need to start in the mornings. Cath Anne: [00:39:22] (To Instagram Viewer): I know The Neighbourly Consultant, that is my issue too him. Im trying to be more of a morning person. Its hard though. There never seems to be enough time in a day. Thats what Ive been reading is a lot about just some of the most successful people in the world (depending on how you define success), get up in the morning and they read and they meditate. So thats how they start their day. I think there are ways that we can build reading into our lives more readily and it actually doesnt take that much to start to cultivate the habit you know whether it be even five pages of a day or 10 pages a day it doesnt have to be as much as 25 pages. If you are a slower reader, which I honestly am slower, reader I think Im probably on the low end of the words per minute. It does take me a little bit of time to read things because I think I have I take longer to process things cognitively sometimes. Just dont be too hard on yourself and start practicing because the more you practice the more your brain is going to get used to reading. Cath Anne: [00:41:04] Well, I think thats it for me this week. Hope you enjoyed that I really enjoyed doing the research for this one. I dont know if you guys have any other questions or comments or suggestions for topics that would be great because we want to really bring information, that viewers want to see. Cath Anne: [00:41:39] Feel free to join us next week we will be here again live with The Homework Help Global Learning Studio on Instagram and Facebook. If you do want to access this information another time, we always have our videos up on Facebook. Were also on Twitter and LinkedIn. Were on Instagram of course were on Google Plus, YouTube, Medium and now also Soundcloud, Anchor, iTunes Apple Podcasts, Google Play Music. If you want to find just search Homework Help Global, and we will be there. . Cath Anne: [00:42:20] Also, if you do have any questions please leave them to us in our DMs on Instagram or message us on Facebook. You can use the #askHHG on Twitter or on Facebook or on Instagram and you can connect with us there. We really appreciate you guys engaging with us. Love doing this and love bringing you some valuable content. If you do have any ideas please hit us up because Im always open to learning about new things and doing research on things. It is one of my passions. We can keep this conversation going. Instagram Viewer: [00:43:08] Winter blues are really indeed! Great session today. Thanks for all that information. It was great. Will try reading with those tips. Cath Anne: [00:43:15] (To Instagram Viewer): Awesome GKaur! Thank you. Im glad you enjoyed it. I will see you folks all next week. Nice to see you. Take care. Have a good night.

What Dreams about College Papers Due Is - and What it Is Not

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How to Write an Essay That Will Stand Out and Get the Student Attention

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